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 Yomo Toro
(1933-2012)


Yomo during an interview for our feature-length video documentary NUESTRO CUATRO Vol. 2.

June 2012 was a tragic month for Puerto Rican musical culture.

Shortly after having to report the passing of the great cuatrista Neri Orta (see immediatly below), sad news reached us that Yomo passed away on June 30, 2012 after losing his battle against cancer, kidney failure and high blood pressure. Yomo was the most highly recognized and beloved cuatrista of the present day, equalled as Puerto Rico's most revered cuatro icon perhaps only by the late Maso Rivera. He is also recognized as the one who brought the cuatro into Salsa.

During the last two decades, Yomo was a great friend of our Cuatro Project, giving his time freely to us, sharing his anecdotes and time for interviews and questions.

You can find Yomo Toro's interviews with the Cuatro Project, along with photographs from his personal collection here.


Neri Orta
(1920-2012)


Neri plays a vals composed by Ladi during the filming in 2001 of the Cuatro Project video documentary Nuestro Cuatro Vol. 1 

It is with great sadness that we must announce that on the 3rd of June of 2012 this great maestro of the cuatro retired forever to the celestial pantheon of Puerto Rican culture. We are preparing a page dedicated to the great musician with eulogies by his musical companions.

 Listen to the great maestro Neri, who was, unlike most of the great players. an expert singer besides. Neri plays and sings the Seis Jíbaro Un Baile Campesino, backed by the legendary Conjunto Típico Ladi. The décima he sings tells about a dance party in Manatí, where he brought his girl and while they were dancing a "mazurquita" a free-for-all breaks out and he ends up outside in the bushes.



The illustrious cuatrista
Nicanor Zayas dies


                                                                                                     foto por Juan Sotomayor

 We've been informed that the distinguished elder cuatrista Nicanor Zayas Berrios passed away just at the New Year of 2009. Even though Zayas never recorded commercially, he is considered one of the most respected expert cuatrista of our times. Zayas was one of the first cuatristas that took the cuatro out of the jíbaro music sphere, opening its repertory to world and pop music of his day. His musical tastes were broad and all-encompassing: it included South American, North American and Mexican music--even movie tunes.
     Zayas, who gave several interviews to the Cuatro Project and participated in several of its live events, appears en both Cuatro Project video documentaries. It was our great privilege to have known him and to document his musical career. We received a treasury of the distinguished maestro's home recordings from the cuatrista
Ray Vazquez, who was a longtime loyal friend of the great master. We are putting together a webpage dedicated to the maestro that will feature the stories he told us during our interviews. Immediately below we've selected several sample of the music of Nicanor Zayas in our collection, recorded informally when the maestro was at the height of his musical powers:

El Cuatro del Cuarteto by Heriberto Torres A Guaracha: Mi Prieta by Felipe Rosario Goyco
A Danza:Who can help us identify it? The Cuban danzón Salón Mexico
 
 
 

 

Cuatro Project news

NEWS OF THE CUATRO PROJECT


December 17, 2012: Cuatro Project's tiple workshops

Puerto Ricans are making tiples again!


17-year old Anthony Nieves of Holyoke, Massachusetts applies the final varnish coats to his tiple during
a recent tiple-making workshop sponsored by the Cuatro Project in partnership with YouthBuild Holyoke.



This is what a tiple sounds like: the troubadour Maria Esther Acevedo charms us
with her interpretation of an Aguinaldo, backed by a tiple. The late, great güiro player
Toribio can be heard in the background.


Puerto Ricans of all ages, on the island of Puerto Rico as well as in the United States, are re-acquiring their long-forgotten cultural legacy in a most intimate way: they are making tiples with their own hands.

The small, soprano-voiced, native stringed instrument charmed Puerto Ricans for over 300 years, and played a central role in both the culture's religious and secular celebrations and observances.  Sometimes strung with three, sometimes four, or--most commonly--with five strings, the easy-to-make and easy-to-play tiple largely disappeared when the jíbaro lifestyle faded by the middle of the 20th century. It now enjoys a revival among ordinary Puerto Ricans, spurred by several cultural promotion groups on the Island and the United States, including the Puerto Rican Cuatro Project. 

Over the last seven years, the Puerto Rican Cuatro Project has been sponsoring week-long tiple-making workshops, in partnership with community organizations, as funding allows, in such disparate places as Chicago, Illinois (where tiple workshops have been ongoing for six years), Springfield, Massachusetts; Holyoke, Massachusetts and Humacao, Puerto Rico. Others are being planned for in Caguas and Mayaguez.  Learn more about these workshops here.


Master instrument-maker and Cuatro Project co-founder William Cumpiano demonstrates how to trim the headpiece of a tiple during a recent tiple-making workshop in the Puerto Rican neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, during a tiple-making workshop sponsored by the Cuatro Project and the San Lucas United Church of Christ.                                                                                                     Foto by Carlos Flores. Puerto Rican Chicago


 

January 21, 2012: ¿What happened to the Puerto Rican Vihuela?

An Encounter of Scholars and Researchers of Puerto Rican Traditional Stringed Instruments
took place Saturday January 21, 2012 on the first floor of the Juan Morel Campos Annex of the Music Institute of Ponce. At that time the Cuatro Project presented evidence supporting a new theory about the Puerto Rican Bordonúa and Vihuela instruments.

Read an abstract of the Cuatro Project's new thesis on the bordonúa and vihuela here

Brochure for the Encounter of Scholars and Researchers of Puerto Rican Traditional Stringed Instruments:

   Get a full size copy here

 

 

Noviembre 2010
THE CUATRO PROJECT CONDUCTS LECTURES
IN GUAYAMA PR
during the National Day of the Puerto Rican Cuatro, under the auspices of INCA (el Instituto Nativo Creativo de las Artes, or Native Creative Institute of the Arts)

The Cuatro Project presented samples of its image, instrument, video and recording collections during a series of lectures in Guayama PR, during the National Cuatro Day festivities. Project coordinator  William Cumpiano lectured on the cuatro's history, as well as on cuatro and guitar construction methods during the event. There were also live cuatro music presentations by numerous young players, notably  Luis Sanz, who was accompanied on the guitar by his sister Lisvette Marie Sanz.

November 2009
THE CUATRO PROJECT ACQUIRES A VALUABLE INSTRUMENT RELIC

A wandering traveler returns home

Tras una ausencia de casi cien años, se exhibirá durante el Día Nacional del Cuatro en Ponce un antiguo cuatro puertorriqueño, recien descubierto en el estado de Michigan de los Estados Unidos. La reliquia es de un cuatro de diez cuerdas con la forma antigua descrita por el costumbrista Manuel Alonso en 1849.

El cuatro pertenece a la colección de instrumentos del Proyecto del Cuatro Puertorriqueño, un esfuerzo colaborativo de investigación y promoción cultural iniciado hace quince años en los Estados Unidos por puertorriqueños ansiosos de conocer más de cerca sus tradiciones musicales y músico-artesanales.

"Cuatros que han sobrevivido más de cincuenta años son extremadamente raros", nos cuenta William Cumpiano, uno de los fundadores del Proyecto, quien es también un mismo artesano de instrumentos. "Este hallazgo es de gran importancia para amantes del cuatro quienes buscan sus raíces, debido a que la polilla y el desprecio nos han dejado con pocas muestras de realmente cómo eran en tiempos remotos".

En tal forma como en Inglaterra sobreviven numerosas reliquias egipcias antiguas, pues en Estados Unidos se pueden encontrar la mayor parte de las reliquias instrumentales de Puerto Rico. "Hemos encontrado por lo menos tres otras reliquias en museos de los Estados Unidos. Visitantes norteamericanos a la Isla durante tiempos pasados trayeron instrumentos nativos como souvenirs, y fueron preservados por generaciones en un clima más afortunado y fueron tratados como recuerdos exóticos," continúa Cumpiano, "mientras que en Puerto Rico se les otorgaba poco valor, por ser manifestaciones de las clases más humildes de la sociedad. Pero hoy día estas reliquias se consideran valiosas, por ser razgos antiguos de una cultura propia nacional".

Los miembros del Proyecto del Cuatro todavía no han podido verificar la edad o procedencia precisa de la reliquia. Al momento sólo pueden hacer conjeturas, debido a que el dueño original desconocía sus orígenes. Pero basándose en evidencia circunstancial y la apariencia superficial del instrumento, el investigador principal del Proyecto postula que los detalles artesanales en la muestra sugieren que el instrumento fue construído durante las primeras dècadas del siglo veinte por un artesano diestro de la región sur de la Isla.

Cumpiano añade, "la reliquia muestra evidencia de un artesano diestro en la construcción de instrumentos de cuerda de calidad, por tener los costados doblados, la simetría perfecta y las notas precisas y paralelas. Y la forma de "cuña-semicírculo" con la cintura suave y no angular es característico de los cuatros hechos por los afamados artesanos de la región de Yauco y Ponce, particularmente miembros de la familia Franquiz, quien estaban construyendo cuatros y mandolinas alrededor de 1915 y Juan Olivera quien comenzó a construír en 1926". Concluyó que el Proyecto del Cuatro tiene fotos de un instrumento muy parecido en su forma hecho en 1916 por la familia Franquiz de Yauco.

La reliquia estuvo a la vista pública debajo de la carpa del Proyecto del Cuatro durante el Día Nacional del Cuatro que se llevará a cabo en la Guancha de Ponce todo el día y noche de noviembre 28, 2009. Cumpiano asistió para dar una charla, mostrar ejemplos de las colecciones del Proyecto del Cuatro y contestar preguntas sobre los instrumentos nativos de la Isla. al público en general.

   

 

Recent website additions

Recent website additions

11-03-14

  • Added a never-before-published photograph of Jack Delano on the Artisanry page,
    showing a country craftsman making a cuatro.

12-7-2013

  • Added a beautiful old photo of Maso Rivera and his group to Maso Rivera's page 
  • Added a photo of Puerto Rico's great cuatro builder Eugenio Mendez--and a
    remembrance of his passing 10 years ago—to our opening page.

6-9-2013

  • We've added the cuatro sonero to the list of interesting cuatro variants at the bottom of our cuatro page.

5-22-13

  • We've dedicated a new page to the great cuatrista from Morovis, Juan Peña

1-13-13

12-20-12

7-29-12

  • We added a page dedicated to the great composer/cuatro player Pepe Rodriguez

5-19-12

4-16-12

  • We added a report on our January 2012 vihuela conference in Ponce

4-15-12

4-12-12

  • We re-wrote the existing page on the Bordonúa to reflect recent research findings.

12/3/11

12/1/11

11/20/11

9/4/11

9/3/11

8/29/11

  • We added David Morales' comprehensive artistic biography of the great troubadour, Chuíto el de Cayey

4/16/11

2/8/12

1/15/11

12/30/10

12/15/10

12/5/10

12/4/2010

4/13/10

4/10/10

  • We created a page featuring seis samples by the late, great cuatrista Efraín Vidal.

3/7/10

  • We added a page on don Marcelino Quiñones' remarkable Southern cuatro here.

2/15/10

2/8/10

  • We added a page dedicated to the great cuatrista Maso Rivera

1/8/10

  • We inserted a more complete biography of our Media Director Wilfredo Echevarría in our Personnel Page

1/5/10

  • We created a short video preview of our feature-length DVD documentary, Nuestro Cuatro, Vol. 2 and added it to it's feature page
  • We translated  the page of the Cuatro Project's new CD recording, La Décima de Espinel into English

1/4/10

1/1/10

  • Added Juan Sotomayor's bordonúa solo music to the Bordonúa page
  • We created a series of short video previews of our feature-length DVD documentary, Nuestro Cuatro, Vol. 1 and added it to it's feature page

12/31/09

  • We created a web page dedicated to the great cuatro maker and folk artisan Carmelo Martel

12/27/09

12/24/09

What's New

What's New in the World of the Cuatro?

News and noteworthy items:

The cuatro now belongs to the world (cont.)


Bristol, England singer-songwriter Peter Brandt adopts the cuatro into his repertory, and creates yet another, wholly new environment for the instrument.


Peter creates a magic sound space for his song with his cuatro, as you can hear in the following selection:

  Peter Brandt sings his composition "I Must Already Be Dead on a Cumpiano cuatro



US government awards a top
culture prize to master cuatrista
Edwin Colón Zayas

 

Colón Zayas receives national fellowship
     In May 2009 the National Foundation for the Arts in Washington, D.C. announced that that the master cuatrista Edwin Colón Zayas had been awarded the most prestigious prize given by the foundation to traditional artists. The prize, the NEA National Heritage Fellowship, is awarded once in a lifetime to honor individual traditional artists for their "contribution to our national cultural mosaic." The fellowship awards the title of National Living Treasure, and is modeled after the Japanese manner of honoring traditional artists. Other recipients of the prize this year, were a Kazak choreographer, a zydeco musician, a Yoruba singer, a cowboy poet, and a Cambodian dancer. In 2008, another Puerto Rican, the craft promoter Walter Murray Chiesa won the coveted prize, and in 2007 the prize was awarded to the Puerto Rican cuatrista and cuatro-maker Diomedes "Yomi" Matos who resides in the state of Florida.
     Edwin has been a friend and contributor to the Puerto Rican Cuatro Project for many years, and we have dedicated a page to him which can be found here.



 Passing of famed New York cuatrista
Edgardo Miranda


                                                     Photograph: Juan Sotomayor 

Memorial by Juan "Kacho" Montalvo
     Edgardo Miranda was one of the most important bastions of the cuatro in the United States. I believe he was the first to utilize the cuatro in a big band, playing both Latin jazz and bebop in a thoughtful and elegant way. This is said without intending to diminish the importance of the contributions of Nieves Quintero, Yomo Toro and Pedrito Guzmán. Edgardo both knew jazz thoroughly and was a great improviser. He also had the knowledge and skills to create orchestra arrangements as well as to work as an accompanist and participate in many recordings, since he was an expert reader of guitar and cuatro music. He availed himself of the experience of Latin jazz composers of the forties and fifties who adopted him and guided him in the orchestras of that period. Tito Puente, Mario Rivera, and many others who played in the New York jazz scene, took advantage of and admired the improvisatory art of Edgardito. Many jazz clubs gave him the opportunity to display his skills in trios, quartets and small Latin jazz and non-Latin groups since he was able to mix together many different jazz styles. In later years he worked with the folk group, Los Pleneros de la 21 with whom he traveled teaching about the bomba and the plena in different parts of the US and Latin America. The group also took their perfomance/workshops to Russia. Edgardo battled leukemia for several years before passing away.

Visit the Pleneros de la 21 page for more photos and information about Edgardo Miranda.

Visit the Latin Jazz Corner page for information about Edgardo Miranda's recordings and techniques.


What's new in the cuatro's world?:
Visit our archive
here

What's new with the Cuatro Project?:
Visit our Cuatro Project news
here

What's new on the Cuatro Project Website?:
Recent additions to our site
here

The Cuatro now belongs to the world!


Jon Anderson, on the left, lead vocalist of the seminal rock group YES is seen cradling his cuatro in a photograph taken during the 1970s. On the far right we see the great rock guitarist Steve Howe.

Liverpool, England, musician Colin Heaney fell in love with the cuatro and joined ukelele player Peter McPartland. Together they created a lush, silky sound in a band they called the Big I Am.


Brooklyn, NY, folk band Gillygaloo's lead singer Mamie Minch with a Puerto Rican Cuatro  made by Cristóbal Santiago of Carolina, Puerto Rico. Shlomo Pestcoe is the cuatrista/folklorist in the group.       (Photo by W. Weinstein)

 


Massachusetts Irish-band musician Gil Skillman plays a Puerto Rican cuatro in his Irish music performances. The cuatro plays the part normally played by a mandolin or bouzouki in the Irish ensemble. The photo shows him playing a cuatro made for him by Massachusetts luthier Harry Becker (Photo by W. Cumpiano)  Listen to a short sound clip of Gil playing and commenting on the cuatro.

 


Veteran Massachusetts bass player Guy deVito loves his Puerto Rican cuatro and has begun to use it in his performances. Many famed Puerto Rican cuatro players such as Sarrail Archilla, Pedrito Guzmán and others are also bass players, since the cuatro is tuned exactly like the 5-string bass (B-E-A-D-G, but two octaves higher), so Guy was able to begin playing it immediately. Now, he says, "it has changed the way I play the bass."



 The North American classic guitarist Jeff Kust told us he "accidentally fell in love with the cuatro." He saw a used one in a store and bought it for $50. He discovered that it combined the best qualities of a mandolin with the best qualities of an acoustic 12-string guitar. Since then he uses it in his band and even plays his cuatro in the orchestra pits of theatrical presentations. 

Listed to Jeff Kust playing his arrangement for solo cuatro of the Rolling Stones' his Paint it Black.

 



Traditional musician Paul Kaplan is also the director of the Pioneer Valley [of Western Massachusetts] Folklore Society. Paul fell under the spell of the Puerto Rican cuatro and performs traditional Irish tunes with it. The blend is perfect, as you can hear in the following selection:

 Paul Kaplan plays Greenwood Lassie on his Puerto Rican cuatro.

 

 

 

The Puerto Rican cuatro in Finland

After having received from the Cuatro Project our construction plan drawing for oun national instrument, the Finnish artisan Jukka Hyninen documented the process of making his own cuatro and has sent us an article with full-color photos about it published in a Finnish magazine.

You can find a .PDF file of the article here.

 

Passing of the distinguished cuatrista 
Efraín Vidal

 

The year 2009 proved to be a disastrous one for Puerto Rican culture: after the loss of cuatro greats Edgardo Miranda and Nicanor Zayas and the legendary troubadour Luis Morales Ramos, lovers of the cuatro and tradition Puerto Rican mountain music grieved for yet another fallen superstar of the instrument, senior cuatrista Efraín Vidal, who lost his battle against diabetes on the 10th of June of 2009. Don Efraín offered us a long interview several years ago, during which he shared samples of every variety of seis that he knew. We placed those samples on a page dedicated to him here, and his biography here. (Not translated yet)